Deionization shocks in crossflow

Shock electrodialysis is a recently developed electrochemical water treatment method that shows promise for deionization and ionic separations. Although simple models scaling laws have been proposed, predictive theory has not yet emerged to fit experimental data enable system design. Here, we extend analyze existing “leaky membrane” the canonical case of steady shock in crossflow, as recent prototypes. Two-dimensional numerical solutions are compared with analytical boundary-layer approximations data. The accurately reproduces simulation results desalination, both predict collapse desalination factor dimensionless current, scaled incoming convective flux cations. also predicts recovery increase current. Nevertheless, neither approach can quantitatively transition from normal over-limiting which suggests gaps our understanding extreme electrokinetic phenomena porous media.